Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
SYNTHESIS, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES: REVIEW OF LITERATURE, FERDA ESER, Editör, BİDGE YAYINLARI, Ankara, ss.24-41, 2025
The benzimidazole nucleus is an important heterocyclic aromatic organic ring since several of its derivatives have pharmacological properties and have many applications in pharmaceutical chemistry. This compound is bicyclic in nature which consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Many benzimidazole derivatives have different pharmacological properties such as anthelmentic, antiulcer, cardiotonic, antihypertensive. So, they are using antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic, analgesics, antiviral, antihistamine, as well as use in cardiovascular disease, neurology, endocrinology and ophthalmology. Heterocyclic compounds possess a cyclic structure with two or more different kinds of atoms in the ring. These type of compounds are very widely distributed in nature. They are essential to life which are playing a vital role in the metabolism of all living cells e.g. the essential amino acids, proline, histidine, DNA, the vitamins and coenzymes etc. There are a vast number of pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds, many of which are in regular clinical use. The heterocyclic compounds are used as a synthetic and naturally in medicines and also in pesticides, agrochemicals, polymers etc. The last decades have seen growing interest in the preparation of novel heterocyclic molecules from useful biological activities as well as many other areas. The benzimidazole is important of the wide variety of heterocyclic systems known till date which is in nitrogen heterocyclic species. (Sheehan & ark., 1999; Rida & ark., 2003; Benkli & ark., 2004; Burli & ark., 2005; Hashimoto & ark., 2005; Kazimerczuk, Andrzejewska & Klimesova, 2005; Khalafi & ark., 2005; Mariana & Mercedes, 2005; Sukalovic & ark., 2005; Bhatt & ark., 2023). The benzimidazole nucleus is an important heterocyclic ring since several of its derivatives have pharmacological properties and have been marketed as commercial products. Most significantly, the benzimidazole ring system has been found to be an integral part of Vitamin-B12. Many benzimidazole derivatives have already been reported which different pharmacological properties such as anthelmentic (Habib & ark., 1997), antiulcer (Howden, 1991; McTavish & ark., 1991; Massoomi, Savage & Destache, 1993), cardiotonic (Porai, 1947), antihypertensive (Li & Widdop, 1995). The literature precedence revealed that the substitutions at 1, 2 and 5 positions of the benzimidazole moiety is crucial for the compounds to exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities.