Research Information System
in: Trend Academic Studies In Natural Science and Mathematics, Assoc. Prof. Dr. ALİ ÖZDEMİR, Editor, All Science Academy, Konya, pp.16-29, 2025
The olive oil production process generates significant amounts of byproducts rich in organic and phenolic compounds, making their environmental impact and valorization potential a critical research area. This study examines the environmental effects, biotechnological applications, and industrial valorization strategies of olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OMW) generated during olive processing. OP, a biomass resource rich in cellulose, lignin, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds, has potential applications in biofuel, biogas, and biochar production, as well as organic fertilizer utilization. Moreover, its phenolic constituents, including hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, possess potent antioxidant properties, rendering them highly beneficial for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Conversely, OMW presents serious environmental concerns due to its elevated levels of organic matter and phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, it can be efficiently managed through processes such as biogas generation, recovery of valuable phenolic compounds, and the implementation of advanced wastewater treatment methods. In Turkey, regulatory policies have mandated the transition from three-phase to two-phase olive oil extraction systems in compliance with European Union environmental standards, aiming to reduce OMW generation. In line with circular economy principles, the biotechnological and industrial valorization of these by-products optimizes waste management while generating economic value and contributing to environmental sustainability. Therefore, the integration of innovative technologies in olive processing waste management represents a strategic area requiring collaboration between industry, academia, and government institutions.