Why are some countries cleaner than others? New evidence from macroeconomic governance

Akan T., Gunduz H. I., Vanli T., Zeren A. B., Isik A. H., Mashadihasanli T.

ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY, cilt.25, sa.7, ss.6167-6223, 2023 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 25 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2023
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10668-022-02298-3
  • Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, PASCAL, ABI/INFORM, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, CAB Abstracts, Geobase, Greenfile, Index Islamicus, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.6167-6223
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Pollution, Macroeconomic governance, Complementarities, Growth, ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE, FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT, UNIT-ROOT TESTS, RENEWABLE ENERGY-CONSUMPTION, CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS, ECONOMIC-GROWTH, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AIR-POLLUTION, PANEL-DATA
  • Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study aims to investigate why some countries are cleaner than the others with reference to macroeconomic governance (MEG) in order to explain how major macroeconomic aggregates should be governed to mitigate environmental pollution at the level of economic systems. Using per capita carbon dioxide emissions (CPC) as the proxy for air pollution, and macro-non-financial governance (MNFG) and macro-financial governance (MFG) as the proxies for MEG, the study introduces the systemic and fragmented governance of green complementarities (GCMs) and dirty complementarities (DCMs) as analytic concepts to compare the MEG models for managing pollution in 13 high-income countries (HICs), 10 upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), and nine lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) for the period 1994-2014. The paper concludes that (i) HICs reduced their CPC levels thanks to adopting green systemic governance by creating GCMs between both MNFG and MFG variables in the long run; (ii) UMICs experienced a remarkable increase in their CPC levels due to adopting dirty systemic governance by creating DCMs between the MNFG variables, but prevented pollution from being higher through creating GCMs between the MFG variables; and (iii) LMICs experienced the highest comparative increase in CPC due to adopting a fragmented governance in managing both MNFG-pollution and MFG-pollution nexus.