Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Adjunctive Analgesic Strategies for the Bedside Clinician and Beyond: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Pain Management, Springer Nature, ss.111-124, 2026
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/978-3-032-21675-5_10
- Yayınevi: Springer Nature
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.111-124
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Cyclobenzaprine, Disability, Effectiveness, Mechanical pain, Muscle relaxants, Muscle relaxers, NSAIDs, Pain management, Spasm
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Spasms of skeletal (striated) muscle can be induced by sprains and strains or the irritation of spinal roots, such as lumbar disc herniation (LDH), and represent a wide array of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Most guidelines recommend nonpharmacological treatments first, given that most people with lumbar and back pain improve over time, regardless of treatment. Although there are many alternative approaches, pharmacological interventions are the most commonly used treatment for mechanical pain, including low back pain (LBP) and neck pain. Pain can be relieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and opioid analgesics, while various skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs), such as cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, metaxalone, methocarbamol, orphenadrine, tizanidine, baclofen, thiocolchicoside, and dantrolene, may be administered against spasm. If the pain is severe, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants can be combined. Side effects and drug interactions should be recognized, and necessary precautions are to be pursued beforehand. SMRs have been demonstrated to be effective for outcomes in patients with acute muscle spasms, including low back pain. The main drawback of the use of NSAIDs and SMRs in pain treatment is their close association with various untoward effects, particularly gastrointestinal and cardiovascular outcomes. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of pathophysiology, symptomatology, and treatment principles of muscle spasms and the specific effects of SMR agents in relieving this symptomatology.