Surface-modified carbon black derived from used car tires as alternative, reusable, and regenerable catalysts for H-2 release studies from sodium borohydride methanolysis

Arı B., AY M., SUNOL A. K., ŞAHİNER N.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, vol.43, no.13, pp.7159-7172, 2019 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 43 Issue: 13
  • Publication Date: 2019
  • Doi Number: 10.1002/er.4742
  • Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.7159-7172
  • Keywords: H-2 production, modified carbon black catalyst, sustainable and renewable catalyst, waste material, HYDROGEN-GENERATION, NABH4 HYDROLYSIS, FUEL-CELL, NANOPARTICLES, WASTE, NI, CO, PERFORMANCE, COMPOSITES, PYROLYSIS
  • Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Carbon black (CB) obtained from used car tire rubbers were treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids. The oxidized CB (CB-COO-Na+) is subsequently modified with epichlorohydrin (ECH) and amines including polyethylene imine (PEI). These modified CBs such as CB-PEI are used as metal-free catalysts in methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 3089 +/- 44.69 mL.min(-1).g(-1) is accomplished at room temperature with CB-PEI-hydrochloric acid (HCl) catalyst. The resulting activation energy of 34.7 kJ/mol for the temperature range of -20 degrees C to +30 degrees C compares favorably to most of alternative catalysts reported in literature while reaction catalyzing capabilities of CB-PEI-HCl particles extend to the subzero temperature range (-20 degrees C-0 degrees C). The reuse and regeneration studies conducted for the CB-PEI-HCl catalyst showed that these catalysts do provide complete conversion at every use up to five consecutive runs and retain 50 +/- 2.5% of the original hydrogen generation rate at the fifth consecutive reuse. The CBs-based catalysts are fully regenerated with HCl treatment.