Patch test results in terms of the recently recommended allergens in children and adolescents: A retrospective cohort study over 22 years from Turkey

Yılmaz Z., Özkaya E.

Contact Dermatitis, vol.85, no.2, pp.198-210, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 85 Issue: 2
  • Publication Date: 2021
  • Doi Number: 10.1111/cod.13842
  • Journal Name: Contact Dermatitis
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Page Numbers: pp.198-210
  • Keywords: allergic contact dermatitis, atopy, COADEX, hairdresser, hand eczema, nickel, occupational, p-phenylenediamine, patch test, pediatric
  • Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Affiliated: No

Abstract

Background: A European pediatric patch test series was suggested recently. Objectives: To evaluate the patch test results in children (<10-years-old) and adolescents (10- to 18-years-old) in Turkey, focusing on the clinical/occupational relevance and the diagnostic value of the recently suggested series. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study on 317 consecutively patch tested patients ≤18 years of age, between 1996 and 2017. Results: The contact sensitization rate was 46.1%. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was diagnosed in 30.9%, comprising non-occupational (84.7%) and occupational (15.3%) ACD. Nickel was the leading allergen in almost every age group. Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) was the clinically most relevant allergen, followed by p-phenylenediamine (PPD), ammonium persulfate, fragrance mix I, nickel sulfate, and mercury/mercury(II)amidochloride. Occupational ACD was most frequently seen in hairdresser apprentices (adolescents only) who were sensitized with PPD ± ammonium persulfate. ACD from MCI/MI increased to 5-fold, ammonium persulfate and mercurial compounds to 2-fold, and PPD to 1.7-fold after 2007. Almost one third of patients would be missed by testing only with the recommended allergens. Conclusions: For patch testing in Turkish children and adolescents, we suggest additionally testing with ammonium persulfate, mercury/mercury(II)amidochloride, toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde resin, and polyethylene glycol, the latter as a marker for nitrofurazone allergy, in appropriate patients.