In this article, examples of hospital-themed works in European painting between the 16th and 20th centuries are examined and the historical representations of hospital buildings in terms of form and content are examined. These works provide data on the history of medicine, health services and social structure; By shedding light on the evolution of hospital buildings, it is seen to be a document about the history of urbanism and architecture. In the research, the history of hospital buildings in Europe was also included, and the way these buildings were depicted in the paintings was examined under the main title "European Hospitals and Their Representations in Painting". Depictions of hospitals in Europe were analyzed chronologically under the subheadings of Hospital Themed Paintings in France, Spain, Italy, England and Turkey. In works depicting the exteriors and interiors of hospital buildings since the Middle Ages; It was observed that the artists reflected the social and cultural structure of the society by depicting the architectural elements of the buildings as well as the functions of these structures. Although the way hospital buildings in Europe are depicted varies depending on the historical and cultural context, the works depicting hospital buildings;  It can be divided into depictions of the exteriors of historic hospital buildings, which stand out with their iconic structures, especially in big cities, and depictions of hospital interiors, which are handled iconographically in a social, cultural and sometimes dramatic context.  The ways in which the hospital theme is handled in European painting sheds light on the evolution of hospital interior and exterior architecture and at the same time constitutes an important source for understanding all historical processes.