The non-native genus Echinochloa as weeds in the non-native crop rice in Gönen, Türkiye

Joint ESENIAS and DIAS Scientific Conference 2022 and 11th ESENIAS Workshop, Antalya, Türkiye, 13 - 15 Kasım 2022, ss.46

Rice, a staple crop, is one of the cash crops in Türkiye with one million tones production on

125 thousand ha. Weeds are among the main problems of rice cultivation worldwide. Weed

problem in rice in Turkey has been increasing in every year with new species arriving, current

weeds spreading further, lack of crop rotation due to ecology and economy, relying on

entirely chemical control, herbicide resistance weeds and lack of new herbicides with varying

mode of actions. Echinochloa species, namely E. crus-galli (native to old world), E. oryzoides

(native to Caucasus to Japan and Philippines), E. colonum (Tropical & Subtropical Old

World), E. oryzicola and E. erecta have been reported from rice fields of Türkiye although

latter two are considered synonym of the former two, respectively. A study is conducted in

the Gönen District, a foremost rice producing area in the Marmara Region of Turkey to

identify Echinohloa species and lower taxons. In Gönen, 29 E. crus-galli (2 of them E.

oryzicola), 3, E. oryzoides and 5 E. colonum were identified. E. colonum is reported first time

form rice fields of the Marmara Region. Further studies with identification, ecology and

biology have been going on.