Research Information System
in: RECENT HEADWAYS IN POMOLOGY, Assist. Prof. Dr. Mine PAKYÜREK, Editor, İksad Yayın Evi, Ankara, pp.313-354, 2021
Citrus is a plant community that includes species that are widely
cultivated and have economic value, such as grapefruit, lemon,
mandarin and orange, as well as other species such as shadok, laym,
citron and bergamot. The origin of citrus fruits is in Southeast Asia,
including the region that spreads from East Arabia to the Philippines
and from the south of the Himalayas to Indonesia-Australia. In this area,
it is believed that Northeast India and North Burma are the centres of
origin. However, according to the latest findings, it is seen that China
is important as a homeland due to the presence of many different citrus
species in the Yunnan region (Davies and Albrigo, 1994; İncesu, 2011).
Citrus cultivation globally is mostly carried out between 400 north and
south latitude, but this may narrow according to regional changes in
altitude and climate (Spiegel-Roy and Goldschmidt, 1996). Citrus fruits
are economically grown in three main regions: tropical, semitropic and
subtropical. Although its homeland is tropical and semitropic regions,
citrus cultivation is widespread in subtropical regions. In subtropical
regions, production is carried out for home consumption; in other
regions, it is generally oriented to industry. In the tropical and
semitropic regions, the inner and outer colouration and the quality of
the fruit are not good, and the aroma is insufficient (İncesu, 2011).
Citrus production of Turkey can be classified into three regions as
Mediterranean, Aegean and Eastern Black Sea. The ecological
conditions of our country allow for extremely successful citrus
cultivation in terms of quality in the Mediterranean and Aegean
Regions. World citrus production has increased significantly in recent years and reached 157,979,260 tons in 2019.