Polyethyleneimine-Modified Piezoelectric Barium Titanate of Various Sizes Reveals Improved Antibacterial Properties
NANO SELECT, cilt.7, sa.1, 2026 (ESCI)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 7 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/nano.70104
- Dergi Adı: NANO SELECT
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The piezoelectric materials, barium titanates (BaTiO3) in various sizes 50, 200, and 500 nm, were modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as PEI@BaTiO3 to improve antibacterial activities. The realization of PEI modification was confirmed with the peaks appeared on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of BaTiO3 nanoparticles similar to 1650 cm-1, which are assigned to N-H stretching vibrations. The isoelectric points of BaTiO3 nanoparticles increased to about pH 10 after PEI modification, which were pH 3-4 range for pristine BaTiO3 nanoparticles. BaTiO3 nanoparticles below 200 nm showed antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria with 25 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value but determined not effectively against gram-positive pathogens. However, positively charged PEI@BaTiO3 particles render high antibacterial potency on wide range of bacteria with almost four-fold lower MIC values than pristine BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Safe concentration of BaTiO3 nanoparticles on L929 fibroblast cells was found at 100 mu g/mL with more than 90% cell viability. Cytotoxicity was slightly decreased for PEI@BaTiO3 particles, and 50 mu g/mL concentration of PEI@BaTiO3 particles could be used in vivo applications without any significant toxicity. The piezoelectric effect of pristine BaTiO3 generated a higher voltage for 50 nm particles compared to the larger particles. Also, PEI@BaTiO3 generated voltages, somewhat attenuated and rapidly decayed in time, showed high consistency.