Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Applied Fruit Science, cilt.67, sa.5, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
This study focused on the energy input, energy indices, and greenhouse gas emissions of olive production, a representative Mediterranean cultivation system. Practices, inputs, and yield were monitored and assessed in organic and conventional olive orchards in Canakkale Province, western Turkey. The main practices related to high energy inputs were found to be the use of inorganic and organic fertilizers, followed by the use of fuels for machinery in soil management, harvesting, and pruning, and electricity. Nevertheless, organic orchards had a tendency for lower energy use, while for conventional orchards the use was high. Emissions increased significantly with management intensity, being higher under conventional orchards, mostly due to using more inorganic fertilizers. Conventional orchards had the highest non-renewable energy inputs (84.87%) and high emissions per olive fruit production (0.67 kg CO2−eq. kg−1). By contrast, organic orchards had the highest renewable energy inputs (67.27%) and low emissions. per olive fruit production (0.33 kg CO2−eq. kg−1). The results show that conventional orchards were less energy efficient at 1.37 compared to 1.64 for organic orchards due to the high indirect energy input, especially during the production of inorganic fertilizers. The total energy input per kilogram of olive fruit was 8.81 and 11.37 MJ in organic and conventional orchards, respectively. The results of the study may contribute to assessments of the environmental performance of olive production and to an increase in sustainable agricultural systems such as organic systems.