High-performance hybrid supercapacitor electrodes based on graphitic carbon nitride/poly(9-vinyl carbazole) nanocomposites with tailored electrode architecture


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Bahçeci D. Ş., Kızılkaya B., Emre D., Harputlu E., Kocaeren A. A.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, cilt.356, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 356
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2026.132263
  • Dergi Adı: MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Charge-discharge, Graphitic carbon nitride, Impedance, Nickel foam, Supercapacitor
  • Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The development of hybrid nanostructured electrodes with high electrical conductivity, good electrochemical performance, and low cost is very important. These modified electrodes play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of next-generation supercapacitors while also contributing to the development of more costeffective and efficient energy storage systems. In this study, a graphitic carbon nitride/poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (GCN/PVCZ) nanocomposite was developed and fabricated on nickel foam substrates using drop-casting and cyclic voltammetry (CV) deposition methods. This hybrid design aims to improve the electrochemical behavior of the electrode material. According to the results, the CV-deposited electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 25.5 F g- 1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s- 1, which is approximately 30 times higher than that of the drop-cast (DC) electrode (0.838 F g- 1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significantly lower chargetransfer resistance for the CV-fabricated electrodes. The optimal PVCZ/NF-CV electrode exhibited a chargetransfer resistance as low as 0.468 Omega. This allows faster electron/ion transfer kinetics. Long-term cycling stability was evaluated over 5000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g- 1. The GCN/ NF-CV electrode retained 99.98% of its initial capacitance, while the PVCZ/NF-CV electrode maintained approximately 93-94% capacitance retention. Furthermore, coulombic efficiency remained consistently high at 98-99%, indicating excellent reversibility and minimal energy loss. This study provides new insights into the role of poly(9-vinyl carbazole)-based nanocomposites and electrode fabrication strategies for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.