Renewable Energy and Growth Adjustment During Global Energy-Price Increases: A Panel Study of Net Energy-Importing Countries
SUSTAINABILITY, cilt.18, sa.20, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, SSCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 18 Sayı: 20
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/su182010637
- Dergi Adı: SUSTAINABILITY
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Geobase, INSPEC
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study examines conditional associations between initial energy profiles and growth adjustment during global energy-price increases. A balanced panel of 61 baseline net energy-importing countries over 2003-2024 is analysed using two-way fixed effects. The gross domestic product (GDP) growth gap is annual real GDP growth minus its preceding three-year average. Net energy-import exposure and the renewable share of total final energy consumption are fixed at their 2000-2001 averages. Higher renewable shares are associated with more favourable growth-gap adjustment at high import exposure; this contrast remains significant under wild-bootstrap inference, alternative growth benchmarks, and single-year baselines. However, the benchmark triple interaction is insignificant under wild-bootstrap inference, weakening evidence that the renewable association systematically strengthens with import exposure. Findings differ across growth-gap, growth-loss, and annual-growth outcomes. Signed-price specifications and income-group comparisons provide no robust evidence of asymmetry or between-group differences. The results concern the economic dimension of energy security across initial energy profiles. They do not identify causal protection from renewable expansion or establish its environmental benefits.