Positively charged poly(3-sulfopropyl acrylate-co-1-vinyl imidazole)/xanthan gum composite hydrogels: synthesis, antibacterial activity, and dual drug release study
Journal of Polymer Research, cilt.33, sa.8, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 33 Sayı: 8
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10965-026-05065-4
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Polymer Research
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Antibacterial, Drug release, Hydrogel, Nanoparticle, Xanthan gum
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In biomaterial design, improving a single property is often insufficient to meet the multiple functional requirements of wound dressing materials. In this study, a poly(3-sulfopropyl acrylate-co-1-vinyl imidazole)/xanthan gum hydrogel was synthesized from the natural polysaccharide xanthan gum and the monomers 3-sulfopropyl acrylate and 1-vinyl imidazole. The optimized hydrogel was rendered pH-responsive by protonation, and stabilized silver-silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl NPs) were synthesized in situ within the hydrogel network via a green reduction method using Echinacea purpurea extract. The synthesized hydrogels and composites were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and swelling studies. The drug-release performance of the poly(SPA-co-VI)/XG hydrogel was evaluated using penicillin G sodium and diclofenac sodium as model drugs. After 12 h in SWF, penicillin was released at 77.1 ± 10.6% and diclofenac at 25.5 ± 5.6%. According to the applied kinetic models, penicillin followed zero-order kinetics, whereas diclofenac exhibited a slow, sustained release profile, with Korsmeyer-Peppas n values indicating a release mechanism predominantly governed by polymer dynamics. These results demonstrate that hydrogel can provide distinct release profiles for different drug molecules. The synthesized Ag/AgCl nanocomposite (poly(SPA-co-VI)/XG@Ag) contained spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 12.3 ± 2.9 nm and exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, producing inhibition zones of 11.3 ± 0.1 mm for Bacillus subtilis and 10.0 ± 0.1 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the composite exhibited antioxidant activity. Overall, the developed hydrogel combines pH-responsive drug release, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant properties within a single material, suggesting its potential for wound dressing applications.